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Snow Chain Laws for Trucks, Buses, and Cars in All 50 States

An ultimate guide to chain requirements in every state

Written by
Ben Whitehead
Published on
November 5, 2024 at 8:03:34 AM PST November 5, 2024 at 8:03:34 AM PSTth, November 5, 2024 at 8:03:34 AM PST

When preparing for travel in snowy weather, you may think that most winter road supplies are common sense. However, regulations regarding tire chains can differ from state to state, raising many questions. Are snow chains legal in your state? Are they mandatory? Do different rules apply to trucks and other heavy-duty vehicles?


The good news is that most states have uncomplicated laws permitting you to use snow chains of "reasonable size" when needed for safety in hazardous winter conditions. "Reasonable size" generally means that the chains should not directly contact or damage the road surface when used on snow or ice. But some states, especially those on the West Coast and in mountainous regions like the Rockies, have more complex laws to ensure road safety.


AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashington StateWashington, D.C.West VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

Disclaimer: While we aim to keep this information current, it may not reflect recent changes to laws in your area. Be sure to verify with local sources. Additionally, review local guidelines for any cities, towns, or regions you plan to visit, as municipal ordinances can differ from state laws. Finally, consult your vehicle's manual for compatibility, size, and proper fitment of tire chains before traveling.

Alabama

Tire chains are permitted in Alabama when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: AL Code § 32-5-210

Helpful Links: 

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Alabama Tire Chain Laws

Alabama drivers are allowed to use tire chains, metal studded tires, or safety spike tires of reasonable proportions when required for safety because of snow, rain, or other conditions that tend to cause a vehicle to skid.

Alaska

Tire chains are permitted in Alaska during specific months of travel as well as during emergency operating periods.

Legality: Allowed, with date restrictions

Law Code: AS § 28.35.155

Helpful Links: 

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Alaska Tire Chain Laws

Alaska's snow chain laws depend on when and where you are driving, specifically, whether you are north or south of 60 degrees north latitude.


  • From September 16 to April 30, vehicle owners can equip tire chains when driving north of the 60th parallel and at any latitude on a paved portion of Sterling Highway.

  • From October 1 to April 14, drivers may use tire chains when operating a vehicle south of 60 degrees north latitude.

  • The state's public safety commissioner can extend these dates and lawful operating periods by emergency order based on unusual seasonal or weather conditions.

Arizona

Tire chains are permitted in Arizona when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: AZ Rev Stat § 28-958

Helpful Links: 

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Arizona Tire Chain Laws

In Arizona, drivers and travelers who encounter snow, ice, and other hazardous conditions are allowed to equip tire chains of reasonable proportions when required for safety. While Arizona isn’t the first state you think of when it comes to snow, moderate to heavy snowfall is possible at higher elevations and in the Arizona Mountains Forests. This temperate ecoregion stretches east-west across the state off I-40, where you’ll find the state’s snowiest city, Flagstaff. The area also includes the Grand Canyon National Park north of I-40 and additional national parks and forests south of I-40.

Arkansas

Tire chains are permitted in Arkansas when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: AR Code § 27-37-401

Helpful Links: 

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Arkansas Tire Chain Laws

Arkansas drivers can use snow chains of reasonable proportions when required for safety. Heavy snow isn't common in Arkansas, but towns in higher-elevation areas can average 8" to 10" or more annually. Snowfall is most common in northwest Arkansas around the Boston Mountains, which is part of the Ozarks, and the Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, both just north of I-40 and the Arkansas River. This northwest corridor also includes travel along I-49, where you'll pass through Fayetteville, the state's second-largest city by population, and Bentonville, home of Walmart headquarters.

California

Tire chains should be carried by all vehicles in mountainous regions of California as chain control laws may be in effect anytime weather conditions warrant.

Legality: Mandatory in chain control areas

Law Code: 

Helpful Links: 

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California Tire Chain Laws

California permits many types of traction control devices to enhance safety and prevent skidding on wet surfaces, snow, and ice. However, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) can designate certain roads as chain control areas at any time due to adverse weather conditions. This is most common on high-elevation roads in mountainous regions during winter, and most long-distance trips in or out of California will involve crossing a mountain range at some point.


When chain controls are in effect on a California road or highway, all vehicles must equip or carry traction devices based on the vehicle type and weight. Signs along the road will indicate the type of traction devices required or vehicles exempted based on weather conditions. Generally, commercial and heavy-duty vehicles must chain up whenever chain controls are in effect. Passenger vehicles have a few more options, but they must still carry chains in case road conditions worsen.


Alternative Traction Devices (ATDs)

In addition to conventional link-type tire chains, Caltrans has approved numerous "alternative traction devices," such as cable chains, automatic or on-demand tire chains, textile traction devices, and wheel-hub attached chains. When road signs indicate "chains required," vehicles can typically still comply with the California chain law when equipping ATDs instead of conventional snow chains. However, vehicles with ATDs may be restricted from traveling during severe weather unless they also have conventional snow chains. Note that studded tires are not considered an ATD in California.


Commercial Vehicles in California

When the California chain law is in effect, and road signage indicates chains are required, semi-trucks, buses, and other vehicles over 6,500 lbs. must be prepared to equip chains or approved ATDs. The number of chains required depends on your axle and trailer configuration. To simplify this, Caltrans provides an illustrative Chain Requirements guide, along with many other resources and local route maps for truckers.


Here's a quick summary of the general chain requirements for commercial vehicles in California:


  • Semis and tractor trucks must chain at least four drive-axle tires, along with chains on two tires on the last rear axle of any towed trailer.

  • Motor trucks should equip at least two chains per drive axle. If towing a trailer, two tires on the rear trailer axle should be chained.

  • Buses and RVs must chain at least two tires on the drive axle, but four chains on the drive axle are recommended.

  • Tandem-trailer vehicle combinations may require additional chains and can be prohibited from traveling on specific routes.

    • * In severe road conditions, Caltrans may require additional tire chains on the inside dual wheels of some vehicles.


Passenger Vehicles in California

For passenger vehicles, Caltrans may impose one of three snow chain requirements depending on current road and weather conditions. California's snow chain law mandates that passenger vehicles must equip tire chains or ATDs on at least two drive wheels unless they qualify for one of the exemptions listed below. However, even exempted vehicles must carry one set of chains in control areas in case weather conditions worsen.


  • Requirement 1 (R-1): Chains or ATDs required on all passenger vehicles, except vehicles under 6,000 lbs. equipped with snow tires on at least two drive wheels. Snow tires must have a Mud and Snow (M+S) or Three-Peak Mountain Snowflake (3PMSF) rating and designation.

  • Requirement 2 (R-2): Chains or ATDs required on all passenger vehicles, except 4-wheel drive (4WD) and all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicles under 6,500 lbs. equipped with snow tires on all four wheels.


  • Requirement 3 (R3): Chains or ATDs required on all vehicles, no exceptions.

Passenger Vehicles Towing Trailers

All vehicles must have chains or ATDs on at least two drive wheels when towing a trailer. There are no exceptions for passenger vehicles with snow tires or FWD/AWD. Additionally, if the trailer has brakes, it must have chains on at least one axle.


California Mountain Passes

Drivers in California are most likely to encounter chain control areas along high-elevation mountain passes found in the northern region of the state and the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, which runs along the eastern border. Common chain-up areas include I-5 north of Redding (near Mt. Shasta) and highways in and out of Lake Tahoe toward the Nevada border, such as Donner Pass on I-80 and U.S. Hwy 50 over Echo Summit.


But chain control areas can also occur on High Desert mountain passes around southern California. Notably, these southern areas include Cajon Pass on I-15 and Tejon Pass on I-5, both just outside of the Los Angeles metro area. Travelers are also advised to carry snow chains during the winter when visiting recreational areas in California, such as Lake Tahoe, Big Bear, and Yosemite National Park, among other parks and forests.

Colorado

Tire chains or approved traction devices must be carried by all vehicles in Colorado from September 1 to May 31.

Legality: Mandatory in chain control areas

Law Code: 

Helpful Links: 

Read More Details ▼

Colorado Tire Chain Laws

Colorado's snow chain laws specify different regulations for passenger and commercial vehicles, along with mandatory carry zones that apply to both types. During inclement weather, the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) can restrict travel on state, federal, or interstate highways to vehicles equipped with metal snow chains or other approved traction devices. Outside of these designated chain control areas, drivers in Colorado may install snow chains at their own discretion when necessary for safety due to snow, ice, or other hazardous conditions.


Colorado Commercial Vehicle Chain Law

Colorado's Commercial Vehicle Chain Law applies to trucks and vehicles with a GVWR or GVCR of 16,001 lbs. or more, regardless of whether they are used for private or commercial use. The law also applies to vehicles designed to transport more than 16 passengers. When the chain law is in effect, as indicated by road signage or other travel advisories, the following rules apply:


  • Single-Drive Axles: Commercial vehicles with a single drive axle, including buses and passenger vehicles that meet the GVCR requirement when towing, must chain one tire on each side of the drive axle.


  • Tandem-Drive Axles: Commercial vehicles with tandem-drive axles must equip four snow chains on one drive axle.


  • Auto Transporter Exception: Auto transporters with hydraulic lines that could be damaged by tire chains are not required to have chains on all four tires. However, they must be equipped with snow tires (minimum tread depth of 3/16") or one of the traction devices listed below to proceed.


  • Other Traction Devices: Instead of conventional tire chains, commercial vehicles can also use pneumatically driven chains, drive wheel sanders, or other state-approved alternative traction devices (ATDs), such as the AutoSock.


  • Cable Chains: Cable-type chains are not an approved ATD for single-drive axle commercial vehicles. However, they can be used on tandem-drive vehicles in combination with tire chains if (1) one drive axle has regular tire chains on each outside wheel and (2) the other drive axle has two or more tires with cable chains.


From September 1 to May 31, all commercial vehicles in Colorado must carry chains or ATDs on the following routes, regardless of the current weather:


Colorado Chain Carry Routes for Heavy Vehicles

(September 1 to May 31)

Route

Chain Area

Mountain Passes

I-70

Morrison exit outside Denver (MP 259) to Utah border

Floyd Hill, Eisenhower Tunnel, Vail Pass

SH-9

Frisco (MP 63) to Fairplay (MP 97)

Hoosier Pass

US-40

Empire (MP 256) to Utah border

Berthoud Pass, Muddy Pass, Rabbit Ears Pass

US-50

Salida (MP 225) to Utah border

Monarch Pass, Blue Mesa Summit, Cerro Summit

US-160

Walsenburg (MP 304) to New Mexico border

La Veta Pass, Wolf Creek Pass, Yellowjacket Pass

US-285

Morrison (MP 250) to New Mexico border

Kenosha Pass, Red Hill Pass, Poncha Pass

US-550

Montrose to New Mexico border (entire highway)

Red Mountain Pass, Molas Pass, Coal Bank Pass


Colorado Passenger Vehicle Traction Law

Depending on the weather severity, CDOT may impose two levels of travel restrictions for passenger vehicles under 16,001 lbs. GVWR/GVCR. The Passenger Vehicle Traction Law is the initial stage and requires all passenger vehicles to have approved snow tires, four-wheel drive (4WD) or all-wheel drive (AWD), or carry snow chains or state-approved ATDs for at least two drive tires.


Importantly, from September 1 to May 31, the Passenger Vehicle Traction Law is always active on I-70 from MP 259 (Morrison exit outside of Denver) to MP 133 (Dotsero). To comply with the law, tires for all vehicles should have a minimum tread depth of 3/16". Snow tires include those with a Mud and Snow (M+S) or all-weather (Three-Peak Mountain Snowflake) rating and designation.


Colorado Passenger Vehicle Chain Law

If weather conditions worsen, CDOT may implement stricter travel restrictions for smaller vehicles and activate the Passenger Vehicle Chain Law. When this law is in effect, all passenger vehicles must have snow chains or state-approved ATDs installed on two or more drive tires.


Connecticut

Tire chains are permitted in Connecticut when required for safety due to hazardous road conditions.

Legality: Allowed, with date restrictions

Law Code: CT Gen Stat § 14-98

Helpful Links: 

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Connecticut Tire Chain Laws

Connecticut allows tires to be equipped with "metal nonskid devices" between November 15 and April 13 each year. It further defines "nonskid devices" as "any device applied to the tires, wheels, axles or frame of a motor vehicle for the purpose of increasing the traction of the motor vehicle." In other words, you can use snow chains, studded tires, and other traction devices during this time when necessary for safety.

Delaware

Tire chains are permitted in Delaware when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed for safety

Law Code: 21 DE Code § 4302

Helpful Links: 

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Delaware Tire Chain Laws

Delaware is another state that allows drivers to use snow chains of reasonable proportions for safety when weather dictates, such as snow, ice, and other hazardous conditions that may cause the vehicle to slide or skid. The state also has a three-level warning system for snow-related road conditions; however, chains are not mandatory under these designations.

Florida

Florida generally prohibits traction devices that are not made of rubber.

Legality: Prohibited

Law Code: FL Stat § 316.299

Helpful Links: 

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Florida Tire Chain Laws

Florida statutes don't address snow chains, per se. But the state does prohibit "rough surfaced wheels" other than "roughened pneumatic rubber tires having studs designed to improve traction without materially injuring the surface of the highway." This likely means snow chains are also a no-go, not that you are likely to need them in Florida anyway.

Georgia

Georgia may require tire chains on some roadways during emergency weather conditions.

Legality: Allowed, potentially required during emergency conditions

Law Code: 

Helpful Links: 

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Georgia Tire Chain Laws

Georgia is the only southern state that requires drivers to use snow chains by law under certain conditions. The state tends to be more proactive about winter weather than its neighboring states, and under most circumstances, drivers are allowed equip tire chains or metal studs at their own discretion when required for safety due to snow, ice, and other conditions that can cause a vehicle to skid.


However, the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) can also close or limit access to roadways due to hazardous weather or dangerous driving conditions. At which time, GDOT will then post signage indicating that only certain vehicles can proceed, as follows:


  • Commercial vehicles with tire chains on at least four of the drive wheels.
  • Buses with tire chains on at least two drive wheels.
  • Passenger vehicles equipped with either (1) snow chains, (2) four-wheel drive with adequate tires, or (3) snow tires with an all-weather rating.

Georgia can fine drivers up to $1,000 if they cause a wreck or block the flow of traffic on a limited-access road when not in compliance with the chain law.

Hawaii

Tire chains are prohibited in Hawaii except on the Mauna Kea access road above Hale Pohaku.

Legality: Allowed on the Mount Kea Access Road

Law Code: HI Rev Stat § 291-33

Helpful Links: 

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Hawaii Tire Chain Laws

For the most part, snow chains are prohibited in Hawaii, as you might expect for a tropical paradise. However, Hawaii statues have a special exemption for visitors to Mauna Kea, the highest volcano in the state at nearly 13,800 feet above sea level.


Mauna Kea's summit has an alpine climate that can change quickly, with recorded snowfalls even in the summer. Visitors are allowed to use detachable tire chains or metal studded tires on the Mauna Kea access road above Hale Pohaku (the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy that provides support and living facilities for people working near the summit) and other roads within the Mauna Kea Science Reserve leased to the University of Hawaii.


Don't expect to just drive up the access road, though, as only four-wheel drive vehicles are allowed (among other restrictions), and it may be closed during dangerous weather conditions. All travelers must stop at the visitor's center (located just before Hale Pohaku at an elevation of 9,200 feet) to have their vehicle inspected, and visitors are advised to acclimate to the high altitude for at least 30 minutes before proceeding.

Idaho

All commercial vehicles traveling on I-90 and U.S. Highway 12 near mountain passes may be required to use snow chains for safety during unsafe conditions.

Legality: Mandatory for commercial vehicles on some mountain passes

Law Code: Idaho Code § 49-948

Helpful Links: 

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Idaho Tire Chain Laws

If the Idaho Transportation Department determines that Lookout Pass or Fourth of July Pass on I-90 or Lolo Pass on U.S. Highway 12 is in "unsafe condition so as to require chains," signage will be posted indicating that all commercial vehicles must chain up to proceed.


To comply with Idaho's tire chain law, commercial vehicles in Idaho must equip snow chains on at least one tire on each side of one drive axle and one axle at or near the rear of each towed vehicle. Chains for the towed vehicle cannot be a variable load suspension axle or an axle of a converter dolly.


Otherwise, Idaho permits drivers to use snow chains when required for safety due to weather conditions that may cause a vehicle to skid. The state also allows "other traction device differing chains in construction, material or design but capable of providing traction equal to or exceeding that of chains under similar conditions."

Illinois

Tire chains are permitted in Illinois when required for safety due to weather conditions.

Legality: Allowed for safety

Law Code: 625 ILCS § 5/12-401

Helpful Links: 

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Illinois Tire Chain Laws

Like many states in the upper Midwest, Illinois allows snow chains of reasonable proportion when needed for safety because of snow, ice, or other conditions.

Indiana

Tire chains are permitted in Indiana when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: IN Code § 9-19-18-3

Helpful Links: 

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Indiana Tire Chain Laws

Similar to its neighboring states, Indiana allows snow chains of "reasonable proportions" when required for safety due to snow, ice, and other hazardous conditions.

Iowa

Tire chains are permitted in Iowa when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: IA Code § 321.442

Helpful Links: 

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Iowa Tire Chain Laws

Iowa drivers can equip snow chains of reasonable proportions when required for safety due to snow, ice, or other weather conditions that may cause a vehicle to skid.

Kansas

Tire chains are permitted in Kansas when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: KS Stat § 8-1742

Helpful Links: 

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Kansas Tire Chain Laws

Kansas drivers can equip snow chains of reasonable proportions on any vehicle when required for safety due to snow, ice, and other weather conditions that may cause a vehicle to skid.

Kentucky

Tire chains are permitted in Kentucky when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, with size restrictions

Law Code: KY Rev Stat § 189.190

Helpful Links: 

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Kentucky Tire Chain Laws

Kentucky allows drivers to use snow chains when a roadway is covered in ice. Kentucky also skips the vague "tire chains of reasonable proportions" language that most states use and instead tells you the exact sizing allowed. Specifically, cross chains cannot be more than 3/4" in thickness or diameter, and the chains cannot be spaced more than 10" apart around the circumference of the tire.

Louisiana

Tire chains are permitted in Louisiana when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: LA Rev Stat § 32:362

Helpful Links: 

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Louisiana Tire Chain Laws

Louisiana drivers can equip snow chains of reasonable proportions when required for safety due to road conditions that may cause a vehicle to slide or skid. Otherwise, the state prohibits any traction devices on motor vehicle tires that are not made of rubber.

Maine

Tire chains are permitted in Maine when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: 29-A ME Rev Stat § 2381

Helpful Links: 

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Maine Tire Chain Laws

Maine's snow chain law can be tricky to find because it's not specifically outlined in the vehicle equipment chapter of the state statutes, despite this section covering other tire traction devices like studs and spikes. Instead, buried within §2381 of the chapter on vehicle "Weight, Dimensions and Protection of Ways," it's casually mentioned that snow chains of reasonable proportions can be used in Maine when required for safety because of snow, ice, or other slippery conditions.

Maryland

Maryland may require tire chains or snow tires on some roadways during emergency weather conditions.

Legality: Allowed, potentially required during emergency conditions

Law Code: MD. Transportation Code § 22-405.2 and § 21-1119

Helpful Links: 

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Maryland Tire Chain Laws

Maryland allows drivers to use snow chains of reasonable proportions on any vehicle at their own discretion when required for safety due to snow, ice, and other conditions that can cause a vehicle to skid. However, the state can also declare a snow emergency statewide or on individually designated snow emergency routes. Only vehicles equipped with snow tires or chains on each side of the drive axle can legally proceed when a snow emergency is in effect on a roadway.

Massachusetts

Tire chains are legal in Massachusetts when required for safety due to winter weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed during the winter

Law Code: MA Gen L ch 90 § 16

Helpful Links: 

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Massachusetts Tire Chain Laws

The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) recommends that vehicles carry snow chains for winter preparation. While there are no specific laws regarding tire chains in the state's statutes, Massachusetts does prohibit using metal-studded tires from May 1 to November 1. It is generally understood that state authorities apply the same law to snow chains and restrict the use of chains during this same period.

Michigan

Tire chains are permitted in Michigan when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: MI Comp L § 257.710

Helpful Links: 

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Michigan Tire Chain Laws

Michigan allows snow chains of reasonable proportions when required for safety due to snow, ice, and other conditions that can cause a vehicle to skid. However, the chains must not come in direct contact with the surface of the road.

Minnesota

Tire chains are permitted in Minnesota when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: MN Stat § 169.72

Helpful Links: 

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Minnesota Tire Chain Laws

It's legal for drivers to use snow chains or reasonable proportions on Minnesota roadways when necessary for safety due to winter weather conditions that may cause a vehicle to skid.

Mississippi

Tire chains are permitted in Mississippi when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: MS Code § 63-7-67

Helpful Links: 

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Mississippi Tire Chain Laws

Mississippi allows drivers to use tire chains of reasonable proportions on any vehicle when required for safety because of snow, ice, or other conditions that tend to cause a vehicle to skid.

Missouri

Tire chains are permitted in Missouri when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are generally not mandatory. Chains or snow tires may be required on local snow emergency routes.

Legality: Allowed, potentially required during emergency conditions

Law Code (municipal examples): 

Helpful Links: 

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Missouri Tire Chain Laws

Missouri's snow chain laws are governed at the municipal level rather than statewide. Local ordinances vary slightly between each city and town, but you can generally equip tire chains when needed due to hazardous driving conditions caused by snow and ice.


However, many jurisdictions, including Kansas City and St. Louis, can declare a snow emergency and limit access on some roadways to only vehicles equipped with snow chains, snow tires, or studded tires. Most municipalities will ticket drivers if their vehicle is stalled on a snow emergency route due to not being equipped with appropriate traction devices.

Montana

Trucks over 26,001 lbs. GVW must carry tire chains from October 1 to April 1 in mountainous regions. Chains may be mandatory for passenger vehicles in severe weather.

Legality: Allowed, potentially required during emergency conditions, trucks over 26,001 GVW required to carry

Law Code: MT Code § 61-9-406 and § 61-9-436

Helpful Links: 

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Montana Tire Chain Laws

The Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) can determine at any time that roads are in dangerous or unsafe condition and require suitable traction devices like snow chains, studded tires, or snow tires to proceed. From October 1 to April 30, it's mandatory for trailer trucks with a GVW over 26,001 lbs. to carry traction tire traction devices when traveling on mountain passes and highway stretches that may be subject to the traction control law.


During such weather events, signs will be posted along the roadway indicating the traction device required to proceed based on your vehicle type. In some cases, MDT may deem certain traction devices (snow tires, studded tires) as insufficient, and only vehicles with traditional snow chains on both sides of the drive axle will be allowed to proceed. Posted traction device requirements may vary for 4-wheel drive vehicles.


Otherwise, Montana drivers are allowed to equip snow chains of reasonable proportions at their own discretion when needed for traction due to snow, ice, and other conditions.

Nebraska

Tire chains are permitted in Nebraska when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: NE Code § 60-6,250

Helpful Links: 

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Nebraska Tire Chain Laws

It's legal for Nebraska drivers to equip snow chains of reasonable proportions when when required for safety because of snow, ice, or other weather conditions.

Nevada

Chain control laws may be in effect on high-elevation roads in mountainous areas in Nevada and require snow chains or other traction devices to proceed. Vehicles with a GVW over 10,000 lbs. must be equipped with chains.

Legality: Mandatory in chain control areas

Law Code: 

Helpful Links: 

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Nevada Tire Chain Laws

While it's common to think of Nevada as a hot desert state, mountainous roads within the state may be restricted under chain control laws due to winter weather. Hazardous winter conditions are more common in the northern half of the state, which can include travel along I-80 stretching from the Utah border (outside Salt Lake City) to the California border and Sierra Nevada Mountains (near Lake Tahoe and Reno, NV). However, any high-elevation area, including Mt. Charleston in the Spring Mountains near Las Vegas, is subject to chain laws.


Nevada's tire chain requirements are similar to California's overall, but they are less complex in the details and have more allowances for 4-wheel drive vehicles. In general, Nevada allows drivers to use snow chains of reasonable size when necessary to prevent skidding on wet surfaces, snow, and ice.


However, Nevada may designate high-elevation highways and mountain passes as a chain control area during winter weather. Vehicles must have minimum traction control devices (as per posted road signs) to proceed when in effect.


Nevada generally uses two designations in chain control areas:


"Chains or Snow Tires Required"

  • Vehicles over 10,000 lbs. must use snow chains.
  • Vehicles under 10,000 lbs. must use snow chains, snow tires, or other approved traction devices.

"Chains Required, Except For"

  • Tire chains are required on all vehicles, except vehicles with 4-wheel drive equipped with snow tires on all four wheels.

Nevada requires drivers to equip the traction devices on at least two drive wheels of the motor vehicle and two braking wheels on each towed vehicle if the towed vehicle has a braking system. The exact configuration and number of chains will depend on your vehicle type, which you can find in this handy illustrative guide from NDOT.

New Hampshire

It's recommended to use tire chains in New Hampshire when needed for traction under winter weather conditions.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: None

Helpful Links: 

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New Hampshire Tire Chain Laws

In New Hampshire, there are no specific laws regarding the use of snow chains or other tire equipment at the state level. However, both the New Hampshire Driver's Manual and the CDL Driver's Guide recommend using snow chains when necessary to improve traction on slippery roads caused by snow, ice, or other conditions.

New Jersey

Tire chains are permitted in New Jersey when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: NJ Rev Stat § 39:3-73

Helpful Links: 

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New Jersey Tire Chain Laws

New Jersey permits drivers to use snow chains of reasonable proportions when necessary for safety due to slippery road conditions, including rain, snow, ice, or oil. The tire chains statute further clarifies that chains should not be used on improved roadways when not necessary for the safety of life or property.

New Mexico

Tire chains are permitted in New Mexico when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: NM Stat § 66-3-847

Helpful Links: 

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New Mexico Tire Chain Laws

New Mexico receives the highest average snowfall of any state on the U.S. southern border, by a significant margin. Unlike its northern neighbor, Colorado, New Mexico doesn't have mandatory chain requirements. However, drivers are advised to use snow chains of reasonable proportions at their own discretion when necessary for safety during winter weather conditions. It is generally recommended to have snow chains on hand when traveling in northern regions of the state, especially in the Southern Rocky Mountains, where snowfall in some areas can average of over 100" per year.

New York

Tire chains are legal in New York when required for safety due to winter weather conditions, but they are generally not mandatory except during snow emergencies or on certain routes in upstate mountain regions.

Legality: Allowed, potentially required during emergency conditions

Law Code: 

Helpful Links: 

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New York Tire Chain Laws

New York generally advises drivers to carry snow chains in case of severe winter weather, but equipping such devices when not required for safety is considered unlawful and may result in fines. If a snow emergency is declared, New York drivers must have snow chains or snow tires equipped when traveling on designated snow emergency routes. Additionally, some state lands and local jurisdictions in upstate New York, like the Moose River Recreation Area and the International Paper Company lands, may require snow chains for all vehicles that are not 4-wheel drive from October until roads are closed for winter.

North Carolina

Tire chains are permitted in North Carolina when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: NC Gen Stat § 20-122

Helpful Links: 

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North Carolina Tire Chain Laws

North Carolina allows drivers to use tire chains of reasonable proportions when required for safety because of snow, ice, or other conditions tending to cause a vehicle to slide or skid.

North Dakota

Tire chains are permitted in North Dakota when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: N.D.C.C. § 39-21-40

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North Dakota Tire Chain Laws

Snow chains are not mandatory in North Dakota, but drivers can use tire chains of reasonable proportions at their own discretion when needed for safety on snowy or ice-covered roads.

Ohio

Tire chains are permitted in Ohio when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: 

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Ohio Tire Chain Laws

Ohio does not prohibit the use of snow chains when required for traction on ice or snow. The sheriff of any Ohio county may declare a snow emergency and temporarily close or restrict access to roads within their jurisdiction. During such events, the state advises drivers to use caution when traveling, but tire chains are not mandatory.

Oklahoma

Oklahoma only allows snow chains on vehicles with a rated capacity up to 2 tons, meaning commercial vehicles like semi-trucks can't use them.

Legality: Allowed, with date and vehicle restrictions (prohibited for commercial trucks)

Law Code: 47 O.S. § 12-405 (OSCN 2024)

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Oklahoma Tire Chain Laws

In Oklahoma, drivers can use tire chains and studded tires for safety in snowy, icy, and other hazardous conditions. However, there are two important restrictions:


  1. The traction devices can only be equipped on vehicles with a rated capacity of 2 tons (4,000 lbs.) or less.
  2. The devices can only be equipped from November 1 to April 1.

Oregon

Oregon drivers must carry snow chains or have traction tires when travelling through a designated snow zone. Commercial trucks must carry chains.

Legality: Mandatory in chain control areas

Law Code: 

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Oregon Tire Chain Laws

During winter weather, the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) can designate any roadway as a "Snow Zone" and require vehicles to carry or equip snow chains or traction tires to proceed lawfully. Drivers who do not adhere to the chain law can receive a Class C traffic violation and fine. Truckers who do not equip chains when required are subject to a Class A violation and $880 fine.


Oregon Snow Zones

When ODOT designates a road or highway as a Snow Zone, signage will be posted along the road indicating whether chains or traction tires must be carried or equipped. The specific requirements will vary based on vehicle type, weight, and whether you are towing another vehicle or trailer.


Generally, vehicles with a GVW under 10,000 lbs. can have chains or traction tires, except when towing another vehicle or trailer. All vehicles towing a trailer or another vehicle must have chains. While vehicles with a GVW over 10,000 lbs. will often need chains, traction requirements may vary for single-drive vs. dual-drive axle trucks due to current weather.


Conditional Closure

During a Conditional Closure, ODOT may employ additional road restrictions, such as requiring chains on all vehicles when traction tires are deemed insufficient. ODOT or Oregon State Police will often be on-site to advise motorists during a Conditional Closure.


Oregon Minimum Chain Requirements

If traction devices are required in an Oregon Snow Zone, you must also adhere to specific guidelines regarding the minimum number of chains and their placement. These requirements vary for over 20 vehicle configuration types outlined in Oregon's laws. Luckily, ODOT provides an illustrative guide on the chain placement for most vehicle types.


Most light- and medium-duty vehicles often only require devices on the primary drive axle. Any towed vehicles or trailers also require chains. In Oregon, commercial vehicles with trailers will need at least six tires with snow chains.


Chains vs. Traction Tires

According to Oregon statutes, tire chains can be conventional link-type chains, cable chains, or other devices attached to the wheel, vehicle, or outside of the tire. Traction tires include snow and studded tires, although studded tires have date restrictions.

Pennsylvania

Tire chains are permitted in Pennsylvania when temporarily used for safety due to snow and ice emergencies. Chains or snow tires may be required to proceed on snow emergency routes.

Legality: Allowed, potentially required on snow emergency routes

Law Code: 

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Pennsylvania Tire Chain Laws

In Pennsylvania, drivers can temporarily equip snow chains during hazardous weather conditions caused by snow and ice. In the event of a snow emergency declared by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT), only vehicles equipped with at least two tire chains or two snow tires on the drive axle can be used on designated snow emergency routes when covered in snow or ice. Vehicles parked or stalled on snow emergency routes may be ticketed.

Rhode Island

Tire chains are permitted in Rhode Island when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: RI Gen L § 31-23-20

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Rhode Island Tire Chain Laws

Drivers in Rhode Island can use snow chains of reasonable proportions on any vehicle when required for safety due to weather conditions that may cause a vehicle to skid.

South Carolina

Tire chains are permitted in South Carolina when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: SC Code § 56-5-5040

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South Carolina Tire Chain Laws

In South Carolina, drivers may use snow chains at their own discretion on any vehicle when required for safety due to snow, ice, or other conditions that may cause a vehicle to skid.

South Dakota

Tire chains or other traction devices may be required on some South Dakota routes due to severe winter weather.

Legality: Allowed, potentially required during emergency conditions

Law Code: SD Codified L § 32-19-2 through § 32-19-3.2

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South Dakota Tire Chain Laws

In South Dakota, travel restrictions may be enforced on certain roads during hazardous winter weather. When such events occur, signs will be placed along the roadway indicating that only 4-wheel drive vehicles or motor vehicles equipped with snow chains, studded tires, or snow tires are permitted to proceed legally. Otherwise, drivers are allowed, at their own discretion, to use tire chains of reasonable proportions when necessary for safety due to road conditions that may cause a vehicle to slide or skid.

Tennessee

Heavy-duty vehicles in Tennessee must carry tire chains when traveling on snowy or icy roads.

Legality: Mandatory carry for commercial vehicles

Law Code: TN Code § 55-9-102 and § 55-9-106

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Tennessee Tire Chain Laws

In Tennessee, buses and commercial trucks are required to carry at least one set of snow chains when traveling on roads where they might encounter conditions requiring traction devices. However, there is no mandate requiring the chains to be used. Drivers of other vehicles in Tennessee may use snow chains when necessary for safety in snowy, icy, or other slippery conditions.

Texas

Tire chains are permitted in Texas when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: TX Transp Code § 547.612

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Texas Tire Chain Laws

In Texas, drivers can equip snow chains of reasonable proportions when required for safety due to road conditions that may cause a vehicle or skid. Otherwise, the state prohibits any traction devices on motor vehicle tires that are not made of rubber.

Utah

Tire chains, snow tires, or other traction devices may be required on some Utah roads and highways during adverse weather conditions.

Legality: Potentially mandatory in chain control areas

Law Code: 

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Utah Tire Chain Laws

The Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) designates several highway segments as traction control areas for hazardous winter weather. Before you travel, check the Utah Chain Up Areas Map to find these segments along your route.


Each area is classified as either a Class I or Class II Traction Segment, indicating the types of vehicles that must use chains or other traction devices. When road conditions warrant, as determined by state and local authorities, vehicles must have snow chains or other traction devices equipped to proceed.


  • Class I Traction Segment: Vehicles over 12,000 lbs. GVW must have traction devices equipped.
  • Class II Traction Segment: All vehicles must equip traction devices or have 4-wheel drive with snow tires, unless otherwise indicated by road signage.

To qualify as having traction devices "equipped," vehicles must meet at least one of the following conditions under Utah's chain law:


  1. Tire chains, studded tires, or similar traction devices must be on all drive-axle tires. For drive axles with dual tires, drivers only need to equip one tire on each side of the axle. Note that vehicles over 9,000 lbs. cannot use studded tires, and they are prohibited for all vehicles from April 1 to October 14.

  2. Vehicles less than 12,000 lbs. also qualify if they have Three Peak Mountain Snowflake (3PMSF) snow tires on all wheels.

  3. Four-wheel or all-wheel drive autos and light trucks qualify if they have M+S (all-season) or 3PMSF snow tires on all wheels.

Outside of active traction control zones, tire chains are not usually mandatory in Utah. However, drivers are permitted to equip tire chains whenever necessary for safety due to winter weather.

Vermont

Vehicles with a GVWR or GCWR greater than 26,000 lbs. must carry chains during winter travel.

Legality: Mandatory carry for commercial vehicles

Law Code: 23 V.S.A. § 1006c and § 1092

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Vermont Tire Chain Laws

In Vermont, heavy-duty vehicles with a GVWR or GCWR greater than 26,000 lbs. may be required to use snow chains on state highways during snowy or icy conditions. Road signage or public service announcements will indicate which highways are affected.


Specifically, chains are mandatory for these vehicles during inclement weather on Vermont Route 9 between Wilmington and Bennington, which spans nearly 20 miles and crosses the Green Mountains. However, state officials have the authority to designate other state highways as chain control areas as well, depending on road conditions.


To comply with the Vermont chain law, vehicles with a GVWR/GCWR over 26,000 lbs. must be equipped with link-type chains, cable chains, or similar traction devices. Both the motor vehicle and any towed trailers must have chains, with the configuration based on the axle configuration.


  • Single-Drive Axle Vehicles (solo): One tire on each side of the drive axle.

  • Single-Drive Axle Vehicles (when towing): Two tires on each side of the drive axle.

  • Tandem-Drive Axle Vehicles (solo or towing): Two tires on each side of the primary drive axle or one tire on each side of both axles if both are powered by the drive line.

  • Trailers: One tire on the front trailer axle and one tire on one rear trailer axle.

  • Semi-Trailers: One tire on each side of one semi-trailer axle.

Virginia

Tire chains are permitted in Virginia when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are generally not mandatory. Chains or snow tires may be required on local snow emergency routes.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: VA Code § 46.2-1044

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Virginia Tire Chain Laws

In Virginia, it's legal to use snow chains when necessary for safety in snowy, icy, or other hazardous conditions that could cause a vehicle to slide or skid. Virginia state law also allows counties, cities, and towns to establish local snow emergency routes. In some jurisdictions, you can receive a citation if your vehicle becomes stuck or blocks a snow route because it does not have snow tires or chains.

Washington State

All vehicles should carry tire chains in high-elevation areas during the winter season. Heavy vehicles over 10,000 lbs. must carry extra chains.

Legality: Mandatory in chain control areas

Law Code: 

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Washington State Tire Chain Laws

Washington allows drivers to use snow chains and other approved traction devices when necessary for safety in hazardous weather conditions. However, the state can also impose travel restrictions and require chains on any road at any time due to inclement weather. This is particularly common on high-elevation mountain passes, where all vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. must carry chains from November 1 to April 1 each year.


Washington Chain Control Areas & Requirements

When a control area is in effect on Washington roads and highways, all vehicles must have chains or traction tires, as indicated by road signs or local authorities, to lawfully proceed.


  • Traction Tires Advised/Required: Traction tires include snow tires displaying an M+S (Mud and Snow) or Three-Peak Mountain Snowflake (3PMSF) symbol and studded tires.


  • Chains Required: Signs may indicate "Chains Required" on some or all vehicles. In this case, vehicles must have link- or cable-type metal chains or an approved alternative traction device. Note that studded tires and automatic tire chains do not meet this requirement and cannot be used as substitutes for conventional chains.


  • Alternative Traction Device (ATD): In "Chains Required" zones, drivers are permitted to use alternative traction devices that are approved by the Washington State Patrol (WSP) instead of metal chains. The WSP provides an Alternative Traction Devices Chart on its website (within the Traction Tires Equipment subsection) that lists approved ATDs for each vehicle type.


Vehicles under 10,000 lbs.

When Washington road signs indicate that chains are required, vehicles weighing less than 10,000 lbs. must have chains or approved alternative traction devices on drive-axle tires. All-wheel drive (AWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD) vehicles are generally not required to have chains if all four tires are equipped with approved snow tires. However, AWD and 4WD vehicles must carry snow chains for at least one set of tires in case weather conditions worsen and signs indicate that chains are required for "all" vehicles.


Heavy Vehicles over 10,000 lbs. GVWR

In Washington, all vehicles or vehicle combinations over 10,000 lbs. GVWR must chain up when signs indicate chains are required. If your vehicle has automatic tire chains, you must carry regular tire chains for the outside tires of any axles with the automatic tire chain. The AutoSock is the only state-approved alternative traction device for vehicles over 10,000 lbs.


Chain Placement for Heavy Vehicles

Chains for vehicles over 10,000 lbs. GVWR must be mounted according to the vehicle and trailer's axle count and configuration, as seen in this installation diagram from the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). In addition to the mounted chains, these vehicles must carry two extra chains in case road conditions worsen or if a mounted chain breaks.


Generally, you can satisfy Washington's tire chain requirements by equipping chains as follows based on the number of total axles between your truck and trailer:


  • 2-4 Axles: One tire on each side of one drive axle, plus a single tire on one rear axle of the trailer (3 chains equipped).

  • 5 Axles: All four tires on one drive axle, plus a single tire on one rear axle of the trailer (5 chains equipped).

  • 6+ Axles (with single-drive axle): All four tires on the drive axle, plus a single tire on one rear axle of the trailer (5 chains equipped).

  • 6+ Axles (with double-drive axles): When signs indicate "Traction Tires Required," all four tires on one drive axle, plus a single tire on one rear axle of the trailer (5 chains equipped). When signs indicate "Chains Required," all four tires on one drive axle, plus two tires on the other drive axle (one on each side), and a single tire on one rear axle of the trailer (7 chains equipped).

This means an 18-wheeler will need five chains equipped, plus two spare/extra chains to comply with Washington's chain law. Trailers always require just one rear-axle tire to have chains. If you have tandem trailers, only the last trailer needs to be chained.


Washington Mountain Passes

Vehicles over 10,000 lbs. GVWR are required to carry chains on several mountain passes in Washington between November 1 and April 1, as listed below. Vehicles making local deliveries and not crossing the mountain pass are exempt. On the WSDOT website, you can view road conditions and weather updates for these mountain passes before you travel.


Washington Chain Carry Routes for Heavy Vehicles

(November 1 to April 1)

Route

Region

Chain Area

I-82

Manastash Ridge

Ellensburg Exit 3 (MP 3) to Selah Exit 26 (MP 26)

I-90

Snoqualmie Pass

North Bend (MP 32) to Ellensburg

SR-2

Stevens Pass

Dryden (MP 108) to Index (MP 36)

SR-12

White Pass

Packwood (MP 135) to Naches (MP 187)

SR-14

Lewis and Clark Hwy

Washougal / Gibbons Creek (MP 18) to John Day Dam Rd (MP 108.4)

SR-20

North Cascade Hwy

Newhalem (MP 120) to Winthrop (MP 192)

SR-20

Sherman Pass

Tonasket (MP 262) to Kettle Falls (MP 342)

SR-97

Satus Pass

Columbia River (MP 0) to Toppenish (MP 59)

SR-97

Blewett Pass

Dry Creek / Bettas Rd (MP 145) to Junction SR-2

SR-155

Disautel Pass

Omak (MP 79) to Nespelem (MP 45)

SR-410

Chinook Pass

Enumclaw to Naches

SR-542

Mt. Baker Hwy

Kendall (MP 22.91) to Mt. Baker Ski Area (MP 57.26)

SR-970

near Blewett Pass

Junction I-90 (MP 0) to Junction SR-97 (MP 10)


Washington, D.C.

Tire chains are permitted in Washington, D.C., when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: D.C. Mun. Regs § 18-732 and § 18-2219

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Washington, D.C. Tire Chain Laws

Chain laws in the District of Columbia are similar to those in Virginia and Maryland. It's legal to use snow chains in Washington, D.C., for safety in snowy, icy, or other hazardous conditions that could cause a vehicle to slide or skid. However, between October 15 and April 15, you can receive a ticket on designated snow routes if your car becomes stalled during inclement weather due to not being equipped with tire chains or snow tires.

West Virginia

Tire chains are permitted in West Virginia when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not generally mandatory. Chains or snow tires may be required on local snow emergency routes.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: WV Code § 17C-15-37

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West Virginia Tire Chain Laws

In West Virginia, drivers can use snow chains of reasonable size when necessary for safety, especially during winter conditions that may cause vehicles to skid. Some counties and municipalities in West Virginia have local ordinances that designate emergency snow routes. If your vehicle lacks adequate traction devices, such as snow chains, snow tires, or 4-wheel drive, and it stalls or obstructs traffic on an emergency snow route, you can receive a ticket.

Wisconsin

Tire chains are permitted in Wisconsin when required for safety due to weather conditions, but they are not mandatory.

Legality: Allowed, not mandatory

Law Code: WI Stat § 347.45

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Wisconsin Tire Chain Laws

Wisconsin allows the use of snow chains when necessary for road safety due to hazardous conditions like snow and ice that may cause vehicles to skid.

Wyoming

Tire chains may be mandatory on Wyoming roads and highways roads during winter weather.

Legality: Mandatory in chain control areas

Law Code: WY Stat § 31-5-956

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Wyoming Tire Chain Laws

Wyoming weather can be particularly dangerous during winter, especially on its many mountain roads and passes. Generally speaking, drivers can equip snow chains of reasonable proportions as necessary for safety due to snow, ice, and other conditions. However, Wyoming can also designate travel restrictions when weather conditions are hazardous and require vehicles to have snow chains or other traction devices.


Wyoming Chain Control Areas and Restrictions

Wyoming's snow chain law has two levels of enforcement, but state officials also have the authority to close roads entirely if weather conditions become too dangerous. Drivers will be fined $250 if they violate the travel restrictions or $750 if their violation leads to a highway closure. Only vehicles that meet the specified criteria for each level below can lawfully proceed when chain control requirements are in effect:


Level 1 (conditions are hazardous)

  • Vehicles with tire chains.
  • Vehicles with snow tires.
  • Vehicles with 4-wheel drive (4WD) or all-wheel drive (AWD).

Level 2 (conditions are extremely hazardous)

  • Vehicles with tire chains.
  • 4WD or AWD vehicles with snow tires (excludes commercial trucks).

To comply with Wyoming's chain law, vehicles must install tire chains on both sides of the drive axle. Semi-trucks and commercial vehicles, which always require chains for a Level 2 travel restriction, must have at least two tires chained on opposite sides of the same drive axle. Snow tires include those marked with the Mud and Snow (M+S) symbol or the all-weather (Three-Peak Mountain Snowflake) symbol.


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